|
| Udgave: |
Forår 2013 NAT |
| Point: |
7,5 |
| Blokstruktur: |
4. blok |
| Skemagruppe: |
A |
| Fagområde: |
fys |
| Institutter: |
Niels Bohr Institutet |
| Uddannelsesdel: |
Kandidat niveau |
| Kontaktpersoner: |
Thomas Døssing, Tlf: 35 32 52 57, e-mail dossing@nbi.dk |
| Skema- oplysninger: |
 Vis skema for kurset
Samlet oversigt over tid og sted for alle kurser inden for Lektionsplan for Det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet Forår 2013 NAT |
| Undervisnings- periode: |
22. april til 23. juni, 2013. |
| Undervisnings- form: |
Lectures and theoretical exercises. Two whole-day experimental exercises at DTU, Risø.
|
| Formål: |
We aim at giving a thorough theoretical introduction to sources of radiation and the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. The course also contains two experimental exercises which introduce the students to detection of radiation and measurement of dose.
The students will understand the sources of radiation, the different energy scales of the radiation and the matter which it traverses, and the ionization processes, which eventually may cause damage to biological systems. Through studies and discussions of recent scientific papers and reports the students will acquire glimpses of modern
applications of radiation and the intricacies of estimating the risks of small doses of radiation.
|
| Indhold: |
Sources of radiation and decay laws.
Classical and quantal scattering of charged particles, energy loss,
stopping power and straggling of radiation in matter, the Bethe
formula and the Bragg peak.
Photo-absorption, Compton scattering and pair production for gamma
rays in matter.
Interaction of neutrons with matter.
Dosimetry - dose from external and internal sources, effective half
life, Medical Internal Radiation Dose method (MIRD).
Biological effects of dose, survival curves of prepared
cells. Effects of radiation on whole organisms. Acute effects of
large doses - stochastic long time effects of small or medium doses.
Application of radiation for diagnostics and tumor
treatment. Radiation protection.
|
| Kompetence- beskrivelse: |
The student optains an understanding for the physical background for the interaction of ionising radiation with matter, especially biological matter and a knowledge of the concept of dose so as to evaluate the dose in actual cases. In addition knowledge about the use of ionising radiation and isotopes within medicine both for diagosis and for treatment is obtained |
| Målbeskrivelse: |
After completing the course, the student should to receive the top
grade be able to:
- Describe the sources of natural radiation and radiation generated by
technical means, that is radioactive nuclei, cosmic radiation,
X-ray machines, particle accelerators and neutron sources.
- Explain the basic exponential decay law, the basic algebra of decay
chains, and Poisson statistics for counting of radiation.
- Describe the interaction of charged particles with matter, and the
ionization processes and their dependence with the velocity of
the radiation, especially as evidenced by the Bragg peak
- Differentiate between the various interaction processes of gamma
rays with matter, photo-absorption, Compton scattering and pair
production, and qualitatively discuss their relative importance for
light versus heavy elements, and for small versus large gamma ray
energy.
- Describe the interaction of neutrons with matter, scattering,
thermalization, absorption and subsequent decay.
- Explain the basic definitions and requirements for measurements of
exposure and dose.
- Understand the basis for thermoluminescent dosimetry, carry out and
describe dosimetry measurements in various geometries (experimental
exercise).
- Describe the scintillation detection equipment of gamma rays, and
differentiate between the various peaks and bumps of gamma spectra in
relation to photo-absorption and Compton scattering. (experimental
exercise)
- Describe the basic biological effects of dose as evidenced by cell
survival curves.
- Explain the connection between linear energy transfer and biological
damage expressed through biological weight factors and effective dose.
- Explain the various damages to DNA by ionizing radiation, such as
single and double DNA strand breaks, which may lead to lethal
damages such as ring formation.
- Describe the biological effects of radiation on whole organisms,
that is acute effects of large doses and stochastic long time effects
of small or medium or doses.
- Calculate and evaluate the external dose and exposure
from a given source, including buildup factors in shielding.
- Explain the principles of evaluation of dose from internally
deposited radiation, including the estimation of effective half life,
and the scattering between different organs, as tabulated in the "Medical
Internal Radiation Dose method" (MIRD).
- Calculate and evaluate the internal dose to various organs based on
tables of lifetimes, biological lifetime and relative
absorbed dose from MIRD tables.
- Describe and explain the contributions from various
sources of radiation to the dose received by the general public.
- Describe qualitatively the application of radiation for diagnostics
and tumor treatment, CT scans, SPECT and PET.
- Demonstrate - through the discussion of a scientific paper -
application of the concepts and terms introduced in the
course.
|
| Lærebøger: |
Herman Cember and Thomas E. Johnson, "Introduction to Health Physics", 4th edition, McGraw Hill 2009, plus supplementary notes and scientific papers and reports |
| Tilmelding: |
Tilmelding foregår på Selvbetjeningen i perioden 15.november - 1. december. |
| Faglige forudsætninger: |
Bachelor in Physics of any specialization. |
| Eksamensform: |
Two reports on the experiments approved prior to the oral exam. Oral exam: discussion of scientific paper handed out three days in advance, followed by a brief questioning within one small topic drawn at random. Internal evaluation by the 7-points-scale.
Reexam will be held as the ordinary exam.
|
| Eksamen: |
Mundtlig prøve med 3 dages forberedelse. Udleveres d. 17. juni 2013. Mundtlig prøve d. 20 juni 2013.
Reeksamen: Mundtlig prøve med 3 dages forberedelse. Udleveres d. 19. august 2013. Mundtlig prøve d. 22. august 2013. |
| Kursus hjemmeside: |
 |
| Undervisnings- sprog: |
Engelsk
|
| Sidst redigeret: |
29/10-2012 |