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| Udgave: |
Forår 2013 NAT |
| Point: |
7,5 |
| Blokstruktur: |
4. blok |
| Skemagruppe: |
C |
| Fagområde: |
fys |
| Institutter: |
Niels Bohr Institutet |
| Uddannelsesdel: |
Kandidat niveau |
| Kontaktpersoner: |
Kell Mortensen, e-mail: kell@nbi.ku.dk
Lise Arleth,e-mail: arleth@nbi.ku.dk
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| Skema- oplysninger: |
 Vis skema for kurset
Samlet oversigt over tid og sted for alle kurser inden for Lektionsplan for Det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet Forår 2013 NAT |
| Undervisnings- periode: |
22. april til 23. juni, 2013 |
| Undervisnings- form: |
Forelæsninger og øvelser |
| Formål: |
X-rays are a remarkable tool in science: 20 Nobel prizes are based on the use of X-rays. With the recent development of synchrotron radiation sources (for danish users primarly in Hamburg, Grenoble, Lund) the brilliance of X-ray sources has been increased by more than a billion times over the conventional X-ray tube! The purpose of this course is to prepare students, i.e. the scientists of the near future, to utilize this tool in physics, chemistry, biophysics, materials science, biology. Lectures are given on the basics of X-ray physics, excersises in the lab will provide "hands-on" experience, and the course concludes with a stay at the synchrotron facility MAXlab in Lund, where students will carry out a number of basic experiments with X-ray synchrotron radiation.
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| Indhold: |
The course will describe the basic interaction between x-ray radiation and materials going from Thomson scattering from free electrons to the classical reciprocal space description of scattering from crystal. A fair part of the course will contain a discussion on new x-ray sources and the development of modern x-ray optics using the refractive properties of materials. Finally, discussions of applications of X-rays will include the Extended X-ray Absorption and phasing of structure factors using anormalous scattering. The exercises will contain a discussion of detectors and anode x-ray sources as well as x-ray reflectometry. During the exercises at MAXlab in Lund, we will exploit the properties of synchtrotron radiation. |
| Kompetence- beskrivelse: |
The student will be familiar with the application of X Ray techniques in physics, chemistry, biophysics, materials science and biology and have "hands on" lab experience. |
| Målbeskrivelse: |
The student is expected to have the following skills:
Describe the X-ray radiation in the wave characteristic, it interaction with electrons and to establish the equation for Thompson scattering.
Explain the scattering of atoms and molecules, and to establish formulas for the related scattering function.
Being able to explain how X-rays are produced in the laboratory and at synchrotron X-ray facilities using bending magnets, wigglers and undulators, as well as the different characteristics of each source. In addition, the students must be able formulate how the X-ray beam is generated from a bending magnet and an undulator.
Explain the fundamental optical properties of X-ray radiation interaction with solids. The students must be able to deduce the refractive index of X-rays and based on physical principles to provide the Fresnel equation and the Snell’s law within the X-ray regime. Finally, the student must be able to deduce the reflectivity of sharp as well as rough surfaces and layered systems.
Explain the properties of the main optical elements such as monochromator, refractive lens, multilayer and mirrors as well as to calculate the focal length of a refractive lens system.
Explain the spatial structure of simple crystals, especially the cubic structures such as fcc, bcc and diamant structure. Further explain the relationship between the reciprocal lattice, the Miller index and diffraction. The student must also be able to calculate the structure factors and the reflection from simple systems, including two-dimensional systems and to describe the effect of thermal fluctuations of diffraction.
Explain the Ewald construction and powder diffraction
Setup the basic equations for resonant scattering and the principle of Multiple Anomalous Diffraction, and to explain how to use this to solve the phase-problem when studying protein structures.
The grade 12 is given to the outstanding students who have an overview that will allow detailed explanation and extended formulating of the basic properties of the X-ray interaction with matter, as well as a detailed insight into the concept of diffraction. In addition, the excellent students have ability to derive details of all major equations and concepts. It is also required that the student has an overview of the order of magnitude of main physical concepts.
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| Lærebøger: |
"Elements of Modern X-ray Physics" by J. Als-Nielsen and D. McMorrow, (Wiley 2001)
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| Tilmelding: |
Tilmelding foregår på Selvbetjeningen i perioden 15.november - 1. december.
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| Eksamensform: |
1/2 times mundtlig eksamen uden forberedelse. Karakter givet efter 7-trins-skalaen med intern censur. Man skal have de skriftlige rapporter godkendt for at kunne gå til eksamen.
Reeksamen: samme som den ordinære eksamen.
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| Eksamen: |
Mundtlig prøve d. 19. juni 2013.
Reeksamen: Mundtlig prøve d. 21. august 2013. |
| Kursus hjemmeside: |
 |
| Kursus hjemmeside: |
http://www.fys.ku.dk/x-ray/ |
| Bemærkninger: |
Kan være dansk, hvis kun dansktalende studerende følger kurset
Ph.d.-studerende samt Postdocs i biologi eller kemi er velkomnne |
| Undervisnings- sprog: |
Engelsk
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| Sidst redigeret: |
29/10-2012 |